everything needed on the file _writing_errors_exercise.docxexercise_7.docxExercise 7: APA Style and Research Language
The purpose of this exercise is to help you recognize common writing errors and to encourage you to
use your APA Manual as a writing resource.
To assess how well you know APA writing style and the language of a research psychologist, see how
many errors you can find in the following discussion and reference sections of a fictional health
psychology study. Please underline or bold each error that you see. There are 15 different types of
errors in APA style, research language, and grammar. Some errors appear more than once; there are 35
errors in total. …..
Discussion
This study investigated the relationships among stress, personality type, anger and chronic
disease. Two of the four hypotheses, discussed previously, were found to be true. Consistent with the
work of Garon and Mantel (2003), the correlation between stress level and disease was very significant.
However, its worth noting that the affect of personality type was statistically insignificant. The lack of
relationship between personality and chronic disease is inconsistent with previous studies (Harrison et
al., 2006; Davis, Wolf and Jones, 2004). The ANOVA that compares high- and low-anger participants
yielded the most significant finding (p = .001). The data was consistent with previous research showing
that anger effected stress level (Harrison, Holstein, Calf, Grobeck, & Nelson, 2006). Higher levels of
reported anger were associated with significantly less stress. These findings have important implications
for health psychologists. Facilitating a person’s expression of anger can reduce stress and lower their risk
for disease.
Two of the desired inclusion criterion for the participant sample were not met. The vast majority
of subjects were Caucasian. Orientals, Mexican-Americans, and blacks accounted for only 9% of the
sample. Also, there were too few female participants; there were twenty-five women and two hundred
men. Thus, the data could not be used to examine whether gender or ethnicity impacted risk for disease.
This study extends the work of Parlick & Wilson (2007) whose research the American
Psychosomatic Society (as cited in Parlick & Wilson, 2007) recently honored as “cutting edge in the
field”. They argue, “The progress made in late 20th century stress research has exceeded expectations.
Our rapidly growing understanding of psychological factors, in the development and treatment of
chronic disease, has set the stage for major breakthroughs in health psychology (p. 195).”
Bibliography
Davis, T., Wolf, M., & Jones, F. (2004). Disease and personality.
Psychological Summaries, 45, 45-67.
Garon, D. and Mantel, J. (2003). Stress and disease. In M. Wilson
(Ed.), Psychology of Disease (p. 12-38). Boston: Po Press.
Harrison, B. T., Holstein, C., Calf, F. T., Grobeck, A., & Nelson, F. V.
(2006). Introversion-extroversion predicts disease states [Electronic version]. Psychological
Summaries, 43(4), 257-289. Retrieved, December 8, 2007 from http:/healthcareusa.com.htm
Parlick, T., & Wilson, M. (2007). Health and Mind. Paris: Dix.
Exercise 7: APA Style and Research Language
The purpose of this exercise is to help you recognize common writing errors and to encourage you
to use your APA Manual as a writing resource.
To assess how well you know APA writing style and the language of a research psychologist, see
how many errors you can find in the following discussion and reference sections of a fictional
health psychology study. Please underline or bold each error that you see. There are 15 different
types of errors in APA style, research language, and grammar. Some errors appear more than once;
there are 35 errors in total. …..
Discussion
This study investigated the relationships among stress, personality type, anger and chronic
disease. Two of the four hypotheses, discussed previously, were found to be true. Consistent with
the work of Garon and Mantel (2003), the correlation between stress level and disease was very
significant. However, its worth noting that the affect of personality type was statistically
insignificant. The lack of relationship between personality and chronic disease is inconsistent with
previous studies (Harrison et al., 2006; Davis, Wolf and Jones, 2004). The ANOVA that compares
high- and low-anger participants yielded the most significant finding (p = .001). The data was
consistent with previous research showing that anger effected stress level (Harrison, Holstein, Calf,
Grobeck, & Nelson, 2006). Higher levels of reported anger were associated with significantly less
stress. These findings have important implications for health psychologists. Facilitating a person’s
expression of anger can reduce stress and lower their risk for disease.
Two of the desired inclusion criterion for the participant sample were not met. The vast
majority of subjects were Caucasian. Orientals, Mexican-Americans, and blacks accounted for only
9% of the sample. Also, there were too few female participants; there were twenty-five women and
two hundred men. Thus, the data could not be used to examine whether gender or ethnicity
impacted risk for disease.
This study extends the work of Parlick & Wilson (2007) whose research the American
Psychosomatic Society (as cited in Parlick & Wilson, 2007) recently honored as “cutting edge in the
field”. They argue, “The progress made in late 20th century stress research has exceeded
expectations. Our rapidly growing understanding of psychological factors, in the development and
treatment of chronic disease, has set the stage for major breakthroughs in health psychology (p.
195).”
Bibliography
Davis, T., Wolf, M., & Jones, F. (2004). Disease and personality.
Psychological Summaries, 45, 45-67.
Garon, D. and Mantel, J. (2003). Stress and disease. In M. Wilson
(Ed.), Psychology of Disease (p. 12-38). Boston: Po Press.
Harrison, B. T., Holstein, C., Calf, F. T., Grobeck, A., & Nelson, F. V.
(2006). Introversion-extroversion predicts disease states [Electronic version]. Psychological
Summaries, 43(4), 257-289. Retrieved, December 8, 2007 from http:/healthcareusa.com.htm
Parlick, T., & Wilson, M. (2007). Health and Mind. Paris: Dix.
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